1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “否” (hi) means “no” or “negation.” It is used to express disagreement, rejection, or denial in various contexts.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “否” is a combination of elements that represent negation. It is classified as a phonetic-ideographic character, where the left part suggests the meaning related to negation, while the right part provides a phonetic clue.
Radical: The radical for “否” is “否” itself, which is often associated with negation or refusal.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 否定 (hitei) – denial
- 否応 (hiou) – unwillingness
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- それは否です。 (Sore wa hi desu.) – That is a no.
- 彼はその提案を否定しました。 (Kare wa sono teian o hitei shimashita.) – He denied that proposal.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 拒 (kyo) – to refuse; it emphasizes the act of rejecting something.
- 無 (mu) – nothingness; it indicates absence rather than a direct negation.
Antonyms:
- 肯 (kou) – to agree; it represents affirmation or acceptance.
- 賛 (san) – to approve; it indicates support or endorsement.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of negation is significant in Japanese culture, often reflecting humility and indirectness in communication. Saying “no” can be more complex than a simple refusal.
Proverbs and Idioms:
- 否応なく (hiou naku) – whether one likes it or not; used to express inevitability.
- 否定的 (hiteiteki) – negative; often used in discussions about attitudes or opinions.