1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “旧” (kyuu) means “old” or “former.” It is often used to refer to something that has been replaced or is no longer in use, emphasizing its age or previous state.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “旧” is a phonetic-ideographic character (形声文字). It combines the meaning of “old” with a phonetic component that suggests its pronunciation.
Radical: The radical for “旧” is “口” (kuchi), which means “mouth.” This radical is often associated with speech or communication, but in this case, it contributes to the overall meaning of the character.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 旧友 (kyuu-yuu) – old friend
- 旧式 (kyuu-shiki) – old style
- 旧国 (kyuu-kuni) – former country
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 彼は私の旧友です。 (Kare wa watashi no kyuu-yuu desu.) – He is my old friend.
- この旧式の機械はもう使えません。 (Kono kyuu-shiki no kikai wa mou tsukaemasen.) – This old-style machine can no longer be used.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 古 (ko) – also means “old,” but it can refer to something that is simply aged, without the implication of being replaced.
Antonyms:
- 新 (shin) – means “new,” representing something that is recent or modern.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of “旧” is significant in Japanese culture, where the appreciation for the old and traditional is often celebrated, especially in art, architecture, and festivals.
Proverbs and Idioms:
- 旧習を破る (kyuu-shuu wo yaburu) – to break old habits, indicating the need for change and modernization.