1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “孝” (kō) represents the concept of filial piety, which emphasizes respect, obedience, and care for one’s parents and ancestors. It embodies the values of family loyalty and duty, which are deeply rooted in many East Asian cultures.
2. Formation and Radicals
The kanji “孝” is composed of two parts: the radical “子” (child) and the character “こう” (which represents the idea of being good or virtuous). This combination signifies the relationship between a child and their parents, highlighting the importance of honoring and caring for them.
The radical “子” indicates that the character is related to children or offspring, reinforcing the theme of familial relationships.
3. Examples of Usage
Common words and phrases that include “孝” are:
- 孝行 (こうこう, kōkō) – Filial piety or good deeds towards one’s parents.
- 孝子 (こうし, kōshi) – A dutiful child.
Example sentence in daily conversation:
「彼はとても孝行な息子です。」(Kare wa totemo kōkō na musuko desu.) – “He is a very dutiful son.”
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar kanji with related meanings include:
- 敬 (けい, kei) – Respect, which emphasizes admiration and honor towards others.
- 愛 (あい, ai) – Love, which conveys a broader emotional connection beyond duty.
Antonyms include:
- 不孝 (ふこう, fukō) – Disrespect or neglect towards one’s parents, indicating a lack of filial piety.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
The concept of “孝” is deeply embedded in Japanese culture, influenced by Confucian values that prioritize family and social harmony. It is often regarded as a virtue that shapes moral character.
Proverbs and idiomatic expressions related to “孝” include:
- 「親の心、子知らず」(Oya no kokoro, ko shirazu) – “A child’s heart does not know a parent’s heart,” emphasizing the importance of understanding and appreciating parental sacrifices.