1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “首” (pronounced “kubiwa” or “shu”) primarily means “neck” or “head.” It can refer to the physical neck of a person or animal, as well as metaphorically to leadership or the head of a group.
2. Formation and Radical
The kanji “首” is a pictogram, originally depicting a head. It is composed of the radical “首,” which also means “head” or “neck.” This radical is often found in other kanji related to the head or leadership.
3. Examples of Usage
Common words and phrases that include “首” are:
- 首都 (shuto) – capital city
- 首位 (shui) – first place or top position
Example sentences in daily conversation:
- 彼は首が痛いと言っている。
(Kare wa kubi ga itai to itte iru.) – He says his neck hurts. - 彼女は会社の首脳です。
(Kanojo wa kaisha no shunou desu.) – She is the head of the company.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar kanji with related meanings include:
- 頭 (atama) – head (more general, can refer to the entire head)
Antonyms include:
- 足 (ashi) – foot or leg (referring to the lower part of the body)
5. Cultural and Historical Background
The kanji “首” has significant cultural relevance in Japan. It is often associated with leadership and authority, as seen in phrases like “首相” (shushou), meaning prime minister. Additionally, there are proverbs and idioms that incorporate “首,” such as “首を長くして待つ” (kubi o nagaku shite matsu), which means to wait eagerly for something.