1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “衰” (sui) means “decline” or “deterioration.” It is often used to describe a decrease in strength, vitality, or quality.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “衰” is a phonetic-ideographic character (形声文字). It combines the radical for “clothing” (衣) with a phonetic component that suggests the sound “sui.” This combination reflects the idea of something that is worn out or deteriorating.
Radical: The radical of “衰” is 衣 (clothing), which often relates to garments or coverings, symbolizing the outer layer that can show signs of wear and tear.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 衰退 (suitai) – decline
- 衰弱 (suiyaku) – weakness
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 彼の健康は最近衰えている。 (Kare no kenkou wa saikin suioete iru.) – His health has been declining recently.
- 経済は衰退の一途をたどっている。 (Keizai wa suitai no ittū o tadotte iru.) – The economy is on a path of decline.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 減少 (genshou) – decrease: This term emphasizes a reduction in quantity rather than quality.
- 衰弱 (suiyaku) – weakness: This term focuses more on the state of being weak rather than the process of decline.
Antonyms:
- 成長 (seichou) – growth: This term represents an increase or improvement, contrasting with the idea of decline.
- 発展 (hatten) – development: This term signifies progress and advancement, opposite to deterioration.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of “衰” is often reflected in traditional Japanese values that emphasize harmony and balance. The decline of something can be seen as a natural part of life, leading to renewal and growth.
Proverbs and Idioms:
- 「衰えた者は、若者に道を譲るべきだ。」 (Oroeta mono wa, wakamono ni michi o yuzuru beki da.) – “Those who have declined should yield the way to the young.” This proverb highlights the importance of passing on knowledge and opportunities to the next generation.