1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “過” (pronounced “ka” or “sugiru”) generally means “to pass,” “to exceed,” or “to go beyond.” It is often used to indicate surpassing a limit or moving past a certain point.
2. Formation and Radical
The kanji “過” is a compound character (会意文字) that combines elements to convey its meaning. It consists of the radical “辶” (which relates to movement) and the character “過,” which can imply a sense of passing or going beyond.
The radical “辶” is associated with movement and travel, reinforcing the idea of passing or exceeding.
3. Examples of Usage
Common words and phrases that include “過” are:
- 過去 (kako) – past
- 過剰 (kajou) – excess
- 過ぎる (sugiru) – to exceed
Example sentences in daily conversation:
- 彼は過去のことを気にしない。 (Kare wa kako no koto o ki ni shinai.) – He doesn’t worry about the past.
- この食べ物は過剰に甘い。 (Kono tabemono wa kajou ni amai.) – This food is excessively sweet.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar kanji with related meanings include:
- 超 (chou) – to exceed, surpass (often used in a more informal context)
- 越 (koeru) – to cross over, to surpass (often used in a physical sense)
Antonyms include:
- 不足 (busoku) – insufficiency, lack
- 未満 (miman) – less than, not reaching
5. Cultural and Historical Background
The kanji “過” has significant relevance in Japanese culture, particularly in the context of reflecting on the past and understanding one’s experiences. It is often used in proverbs and idiomatic expressions.
For example, the saying “過ぎたるは及ばざるが如し” (Sugitaru wa oyobazaru ga gotoshi) translates to “Too much is as bad as too little,” emphasizing the importance of balance and moderation.