1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “様” (sama) generally means “appearance,” “manner,” or “style.” It is often used to show respect when addressing someone, indicating their status or position.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “様” is a compound character (会意文字) that combines the elements of “水” (water) and “羊” (sheep). The water element suggests fluidity or form, while the sheep represents something valuable or precious, together conveying the idea of a valuable form or appearance.
Radical: The radical for “様” is “様” itself, which is used in various kanji related to appearance and manner.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 様子 (ようす, yousu) – appearance, state
- 様式 (ようしき, youshiki) – style, form
- お客様 (おきゃくさま, okyakusama) – honored guest, customer
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 彼の様子はとても良さそうです。 (かれのようすはとてもよさそうです。) – He seems to be in very good condition.
- お客様は神様です。 (おきゃくさまはかみさまです。) – The customer is like a god.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 姿 (すがた, sugata) – figure, shape; focuses more on physical form rather than respect.
- 形 (かたち, katachi) – shape, form; refers to the physical structure without the connotation of respect.
Antonyms:
- 無様 (ぶざま, buzama) – clumsy, unsightly; indicates a lack of grace or style.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The use of “様” in Japanese culture reflects the importance of respect and hierarchy in social interactions. It is commonly used in formal settings and when addressing someone of higher status.
Proverbs and Idioms:
- お客様は神様です (おきゃくさまはかみさまです) – This phrase emphasizes the importance of treating customers with utmost respect.