1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “孝” (kō) represents the concept of filial piety, which emphasizes respect, obedience, and care for one’s parents and ancestors. It embodies the values of family loyalty and duty in many East Asian cultures.
2. Formation and Radical
The kanji “孝” is composed of two parts: the radical “子” (child) and the phonetic component “こう” (kō). This character is classified as a compound character, which combines the idea of a child with the notion of respect and duty towards parents.
The radical “子” signifies “child,” indicating the relationship between children and their parents, which is central to the meaning of filial piety.
3. Examples of Usage
Common words and phrases that include “孝” are:
- 孝行 (こうこう, kōkō) – Filial piety
- 孝子 (こうし, kōshi) – A dutiful child
Example sentences in daily conversation:
- 「彼はとても孝行な息子です。」(Kare wa totemo kōkō na musuko desu.) – “He is a very dutiful son.”
- 「孝行は日本の伝統的な価値観です。」(Kōkō wa Nihon no dentō-teki na kachikan desu.) – “Filial piety is a traditional value in Japan.”
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar kanji with related meanings include:
- 敬 (けい, kei) – Respect; this emphasizes respect in a broader sense, not limited to familial relationships.
Antonyms include:
- 不孝 (ふこう, fukō) – Disrespectful or unfilial; this term describes a lack of respect or care for one’s parents.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
The concept of “孝” is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, influenced by Confucianism, which stresses the importance of family and respect for elders. It is often seen as a moral duty in Japanese society.
Proverbs and idiomatic expressions related to “孝” include:
- 「親の心子知らず」(Oya no kokoro ko shirazu) – “A child does not understand a parent’s heart,” highlighting the often unrecognized sacrifices parents make for their children.