1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “済” (pronounced “sai” or “zu”) generally means “to finish,” “to complete,” or “to settle.” It is often used in contexts related to completion or resolution of matters.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “済” is a compound character that combines elements to convey its meaning. It is formed from the radical “氵” (water) and the character “済,” which relates to the idea of crossing over or passing through, often associated with the flow of water.
Radical: The radical of “済” is “氵,” which is a variant of “水” (water). This radical often relates to water or liquid in various kanji.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases: Some frequently used words that include “済” are:
- 済む (sumu) – to finish, to be settled
- 済ませる (sumaseru) – to complete, to finish something
- 済みません (sumimasen) – excuse me, I’m sorry
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 宿題はもう済んだ？ (Shukudai wa mou sunda?) – Have you finished your homework?
- この問題は簡単に済ませられる。 (Kono mondai wa kantan ni sumaserareru.) – This problem can be easily resolved.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji: A similar kanji is “完” (kan), which means “complete” or “perfect.” While both “済” and “完” convey a sense of completion, “完” often implies a higher standard of completeness or perfection.
Opposite Kanji: An antonym of “済” is “未” (mi), which means “not yet” or “unfinished.” This kanji indicates that something is still in progress or has not been completed.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The kanji “済” is often used in various contexts in Japanese culture, particularly in business and formal settings where resolution and completion are important.
Proverbs and Idioms: One common expression is “済んだことは仕方がない” (Sunda koto wa shikata ga nai), which translates to “What is done is done,” emphasizing the importance of accepting completed actions and moving forward.