1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “借” (pronounced “shaku” or “kariru”) means “to borrow” or “to rent.” It conveys the idea of taking something temporarily with the intention of returning it later.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “借” is a compound character (会意文字) that combines two elements: the radical for “money” (貝) and the character for “to be able” (可). This combination suggests the ability to obtain something of value temporarily.
Radical: The radical of “借” is 貝, which is often associated with money or valuables in kanji.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 借りる (かりる, kariru) – to borrow
- 借金 (しゃっきん, shakkin) – debt
- 借家 (しゃくや, shakuyа) – rented house
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 本を借りてもいいですか？ (ほんをかりてもいいですか？) – Can I borrow the book?
- 彼はお金を借りています。 (かれはおかねをかりています。) – He is borrowing money.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 貸 (かし, kashi) – to lend. While “借” refers to borrowing, “貸” refers to lending something to someone.
Opposite Kanji:
- 返 (へん, hen) – to return. This kanji represents the action of giving back something that was borrowed.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of borrowing is significant in Japanese culture, where mutual aid and sharing are valued. Borrowing is often seen as a way to build relationships.
Proverbs and Idioms:
- 借りてきた猫 (かりてきたねこ, karite kita neko) – literally “a borrowed cat,” used to describe someone who is unusually quiet or reserved.