1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “悩” (nau) means to be troubled or worried. It expresses a state of mental distress or anxiety, often related to difficult decisions or emotional struggles.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “悩” is a compound character (会意文字) that combines the elements of “心” (heart) and “牢” (to be trapped). This reflects the idea of being trapped in one’s own heart or mind due to worries.
Radical: The radical of “悩” is “心” (shin), which relates to emotions and feelings.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 悩み (なやみ, nayami) – worry, trouble
- 悩む (なやむ, nayamu) – to be troubled, to worry
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 最近、仕事のことで悩んでいます。 (Recently, I have been troubled about work.)
- 彼女は将来について悩んでいる。 (She is worried about her future.)
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 苦 (く, ku) – suffering, pain; this kanji emphasizes the aspect of suffering more than just worry.
- 心配 (しんぱい, shinpai) – concern; this term is more general and can refer to any kind of worry.
Antonyms:
- 安心 (あんしん, anshin) – peace of mind; this kanji represents a state of being free from worry.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of “悩” is deeply embedded in Japanese culture, where emotional struggles are often expressed through art, literature, and daily life. It reflects the importance of mental health and the acknowledgment of personal challenges.
Proverbs and Idioms:
- 悩みは一時、喜びは永遠 (Worries are temporary, joy is eternal) – This proverb emphasizes the transient nature of troubles compared to lasting happiness.