1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “勲” (kun) generally means “merit” or “achievement.” It is often associated with honors or awards given for distinguished service or accomplishments, particularly in military or public service contexts.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “勲” is a phonetic-ideographic character (形声文字). It combines the radical for “strength” (力) with a phonetic component that suggests its pronunciation.
Radical: The radical of “勲” is 力 (chikara), which means “power” or “strength.” This reflects the idea of achieving something significant through effort and capability.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 勲章 (くんしょう, kunshou) – “medal” or “decoration”
- 勲功 (くんこう, kunkou) – “meritorious service”
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 彼は戦争で勲章を受けた。 (かれはせんそうでくんしょうをうけた。) – “He received a medal for his service in the war.”
- 彼女の勲功は多くの人に認められている。 (かのじょのくんこうはおおくのひとにみとめられている。) – “Her meritorious service is recognized by many.”
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 功 (こう, kou) – “achievement” or “merit,” but it is more general and does not specifically imply an award.
Antonyms:
- 失敗 (しっぱい, shippai) – “failure,” which is the opposite of achieving merit or success.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of “勲” is deeply embedded in Japanese culture, where honors and awards are given for various achievements, especially in military and public service. It reflects the value placed on dedication and service to the community.
Proverbs and Idioms: One common saying is “勲功は人を育てる” (くんこうはひとをそだてる), which means “Merit nurtures people,” emphasizing the importance of recognizing and rewarding achievements to encourage growth and development.