1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “刑” (pronounced “kei”) primarily means “punishment” or “penalty.” It is often associated with legal contexts and the consequences of wrongdoing.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “刑” is a phonetic-ideographic character (形声文字). It combines elements that convey both sound and meaning. The left part suggests a connection to the concept of “cutting” or “severing,” while the right part provides the phonetic component.
Radical: The radical for “刑” is “刀” (katana), which means “sword” or “knife,” symbolizing the idea of cutting or punishment.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 刑罰 (けいばつ, keibatsu) – punishment
- 刑事 (けいじ, keiji) – criminal (as in criminal law)
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 彼は法律を破ったので、刑罰を受けることになった。
- (He broke the law, so he will receive a punishment.)
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 罰 (ばつ, batsu) – punishment (more general, can refer to any form of penalty)
- 処罰 (しょばつ, shobatsu) – punishment (often used in legal contexts)
Antonyms:
- 恩恵 (おんけい, onkei) – blessing or favor (the opposite of punishment)
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of “刑” is deeply rooted in Japanese legal traditions and reflects societal views on justice and morality. It is often discussed in the context of law and order.
Proverbs and Idioms:
- 「自業自得」(じごうじとく, jigoujitoku) – “You reap what you sow,” which relates to the idea of receiving punishment for one’s actions.