1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji 硬 (kō) means “hard” or “stiff.” It is used to describe materials that are solid and not easily bent or broken, as well as to convey a sense of rigidity in various contexts.
2. Formation and Radical
The kanji 硬 is a phonetic-ideographic character (形声文字) that combines the radical 石 (ishi), meaning “stone,” with the phonetic component 亘 (kō), which contributes to its pronunciation. This combination suggests the idea of something that is as hard as stone.
3. Examples of Usage
Common words and phrases that include 硬 are:
- 硬い (katai) – hard
- 硬化 (kōka) – hardening
- 硬貨 (kōka) – coin
Example sentence in daily conversation:
「この石はとても硬いです。」 (Kono ishi wa totemo katai desu.) – “This stone is very hard.”
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar kanji with related meanings include:
- 堅 (ken) – also means “hard,” but often refers to something that is firm or solid in a more abstract sense, like a strong belief.
Antonyms include:
- 柔 (jū) – meaning “soft” or “gentle.”
5. Cultural and Historical Background
The kanji 硬 is often associated with Japanese culture in contexts such as martial arts, where the concept of hardness can symbolize strength and resilience. Additionally, it appears in various proverbs and idiomatic expressions, such as:
- 硬い頭 (katai atama) – “hard-headed,” referring to someone who is stubborn or inflexible in their thinking.
This reflects the cultural value placed on determination and steadfastness in Japanese society.