1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji “慄” (read as “ritsu” or “ritsu”) means to tremble or shudder, often in response to fear or anxiety. It conveys a sense of being startled or frightened.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji “慄” is a phonetic compound (形声文字) that combines the semantic component “心” (heart) with the phonetic component “立” (to stand). This combination suggests a feeling that arises in the heart, leading to trembling.
Radical: The radical of “慄” is “心” (heart), which is commonly associated with emotions and feelings.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases:
- 慄然 (りつぜん, ritsuzan) – to tremble with fear
- 慄く (おどろく, odoroku) – to be startled or shocked
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- 彼の話を聞いて、私は慄いた。 (I trembled upon hearing his story.)
- その映画は本当に慄かせる。 (That movie really makes you shudder.)
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji:
- 震 (しん, shin) – to shake or tremble, often due to an external force like an earthquake.
- 恐 (きょう, kyō) – to fear, which emphasizes the feeling of fear rather than the physical reaction of trembling.
Antonyms:
- 安 (あん, an) – peace or safety, representing a state free from fear or anxiety.
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of “慄” is often associated with traditional Japanese ghost stories and horror films, where characters experience intense fear and shuddering.
Proverbs and Idioms: While there may not be specific proverbs that use “慄,” the feeling of fear and shuddering is a common theme in Japanese folklore, often depicted in literature and art.