1. Overview of Meaning
The kanji 固 (pronounced “ko” or “kō”) means “hard,” “solid,” or “firm.” It conveys the idea of something that is not easily changed or broken, representing stability and strength.
2. Formation and Radical
Formation of the Kanji: The kanji 固 is a phonetic-ideographic character (形声文字) that combines the meaning of “hardness” with a phonetic component. The left side of the character is the radical 牛 (ushi), which means “cow” and is often associated with strength and solidity.
Radical: The radical for 固 is 牛, which contributes to the overall meaning of the character.
3. Examples of Usage
Common Words and Phrases: Some frequently used words that include 固 are:
- 固体 (こたい, kotai) – solid
- 固定 (こてい, kotei) – fixation or fixing
- 固まる (かたまる, katamaru) – to harden or solidify
Example Sentences in Daily Conversation:
- この氷は固いです。 (このこおりはかたいです。) – This ice is hard.
- 彼は固い意志を持っています。 (かれはかたいいしをもっています。) – He has a firm will.
4. Synonyms and Antonyms
Similar Kanji: A kanji with a similar meaning is 硬 (こう, kō), which also means “hard” but can imply a more rigid or inflexible quality.
Antonyms: A kanji with the opposite meaning is 柔 (じゅう, jū), which means “soft” or “gentle.”
5. Cultural and Historical Background
Relation to Japanese Culture: The concept of 固 is significant in Japanese culture, where stability and strength are often valued traits. It can be seen in various traditional practices and philosophies.
Proverbs and Idioms: One common saying is 固い絆 (かたいきずな, katai kizuna), which means “strong bonds,” referring to unbreakable relationships.